10 Fascinating Facts About Butterflies

People love watching colorful butterflies float from flower to flower. But from the tiniest blues to the largest swallowtails,  how much do you really know about these insects? Here are 10 butterfly facts youll find fascinating. Butterfly wings are transparent How can that be? We know butterflies as perhaps the most colorful, vibrant insects around! Well, a butterflys wings are covered by thousands of tiny scales, and these scales reflect light in different colors. But underneath all of those scales, a  butterfly wing is actually formed by layers of chitin—the same protein that makes up an insects exoskeleton. These layers are so thin you can see right through them. As a butterfly ages, scales fall off the wings, leaving spots of transparency where the chitin layer is exposed. Butterflies taste with their feet Butterflies have taste receptors on their feet to help them find their host plants and locate food. A female butterfly lands on different plants, drumming the leaves with her feet until the plant releases its juices. Spines on the back of her legs have chemoreceptors that detect the right match of plant chemicals. When she identifies the right plant, she lays her eggs. A butterfly of any biological sex will also step on its food, using organs that sense dissolved sugars to taste food sources like fermenting fruit. Butterflies live on an all-liquid diet Speaking of butterflies eating, adult butterflies can only feed on liquids—usually nectar. Their mouthparts are modified to enable them to drink, but they cant chew solids. A proboscis, which functions as a drinking straw, stays curled up under the butterflys chin until it finds a source of nectar or other liquid nutrition. The long, tubular structure then unfurls and sips up a meal. A few species of butterflies feed on sap, and some even resort to sipping from carrion. No matter the meal, they suck it up a straw. A butterfly must assemble its own proboscis—quickly A butterfly that cant drink nectar is doomed. One of its first jobs as an adult butterfly is to assemble its mouthparts. When a new adult emerges from the pupal case or chrysalis, its mouth is in two pieces. Using palpi located adjacent to the proboscis, the butterfly begins working the two parts together to form a single, tubular proboscis. You may see a newly emerged butterfly curling and uncurling the proboscis over and over, testing it out. Butterflies drink from mud puddles A butterfly cannot live on sugar alone; it needs minerals, too. To supplement its diet of nectar, a butterfly will occasionally sip from mud puddles, which are rich in minerals and salts. This behavior, called puddling, occurs more often in male butterflies, which incorporate the minerals into their sperm. These nutrients are then transferred to the female during mating and help improve the viability of her eggs. Butterflies cant fly if theyre cold Butterflies need an ideal body temperature of about 85 degrees Fahrenheit to fly. Since theyre cold-blooded animals, they cant regulate their own body temperatures. As a result, the surrounding air temperature has a big impact on their ability to function. If the air temperature falls below 55 degrees Fahrenheit, butterflies are rendered immobile—unable to flee from predators or feed. When air temperatures range between 82 and 100 degrees Fahrenheit, butterflies can fly with ease. Cooler days require a butterfly to warm up its flight muscles, either by shivering or basking in the sun. A newly emerged butterfly cant fly Inside the chrysalis, a developing butterfly waits to emerge with its wings collapsed around its body. When it finally breaks free of the pupal case, it greets the world with tiny, shriveled wings. The butterfly must immediately pump body fluid through its wing veins to expand them. Once its wings reach their full size, the butterfly must rest for a few hours to allow its body to dry and harden before it can take its first flight. Butterflies often live just a few weeks Once it emerges from its chrysalis as an adult, a butterfly has only two to four short weeks to live, in most cases. During that time, it focuses all its energy on two tasks: eating and mating. Some of the smallest butterflies, the blues, may only survive a few days. However, butterflies that overwinter as adults, like monarchs and mourning cloaks, can live as long as 9 months. Butterflies are nearsighted, but can see colors Within about 10–12 feet, butterfly eyesight is quite good. Anything beyond that distance gets a little blurry, though. Despite that, butterflies can see not just some of the colors that we can see, but also a range of ultraviolet colors that are invisible to the human eye. The butterflies themselves may even have ultraviolet markings on their wings to help them identify one another and locate potential mates. Flowers, too, display ultraviolet markings that act as traffic signals to incoming pollinators like butterflies. Butterflies employ tricks to avoid being eaten Butterflies rank pretty low on the food chain, with lots of hungry predators happy to make a meal of them. Therefore, they need some defense mechanisms. Some butterflies fold their wings to blend into the background, using camouflage to render themselves all but invisible to predators. Others try the opposite strategy, wearing vibrant colors and patterns that boldly announce their presence. Bright colored insects often pack a toxic punch if eaten, so predators learn to avoid them.

Hate Crime - 990 Words

Hate Crime The simplest definition of what a hate crime is, is a crime committed against a victim due to his or her perceived role in a social group. Social groups can be defined by many factors such as sexual orientation, race, disability, religion, age, gender and many other factors. Within this essay I aim to evaluate the causes of hate crime and also to assess the impact of crime on victims and the strategies used for responding to hate crime. The types of hate crime I am going to be focusing on are race, sexual orientation and gender. What is hate crime? Defining hate crime has proven to be a difficult task, shown by the multiple academic and professional definitions that exist. Barbara Perry (2001) suggests that â€Å"as is the case†¦show more content†¦How will we know if these actions truly constitute a hate crime? What crimes are we going to include in our definition?† Jacobs and Potter (1998: 27) suggest that â€Å"how much hate crime there is and what the appropriate response should be depends upon how hate crime is conceptualised and defined†. So far I have outlined a number of academic definitions of hate crime and also the implications of defining such a crime. I am now going to describe the three types of hate crime I am focusing on which are race, sexual orientation and gender. Macpherson (1999) suggests that a racist incident is any incident which is perceived to be racist by the victim or any other person†. The Crime and Disorder Act (1998) state that â€Å"a racial group refers to persons defined by reference to their race, colour, nationality, or ethnic or national origins†. The figures for race related hate crimes taking place are at the highest with a staggering 43,426 people involved in hate crime at the moment. Despite all the public awareness of hate crimes since Stephen Lawrence’s murder, racially motivated hate crime is still taking place and does not seem to be decreasing. This brings me to question why figures are still rising despite law changes and public awareness. Research shows that few criminals are being prosecuted for committing a hate crime. Ministry of Justice (2008) â€Å"in 2006 only 11,500 charges of racially aggravated offending were prosecuted in EnglandShow MoreRelatedHate Crime : Hate Crimes1454 Words    |  6 PagesHate Crimes Hate crimes, two small words with a very big meaning. Hate crimes are happening everywhere, some hit the news, some go into newspapers and others don’t even make it to the point of any social awareness at all. Hate crimes are a targeted attack, one that should not be taken lightly. While hate crime laws infringe on free speech rights, acts of hate should be criminalized because groups of hate crimes have had a huge impact on social behavior for a long period of time, hate crimes victimizeRead MoreHate Crimes Essay1417 Words   |  6 PagesCrimes I. Intro-What is a hate crime . A hate crime is when a person intentionally selects a victim because of the race, color, religion, national origin, ethnicity, gender or sexual orientation. A person who commits a hate crime can come from any background and be any race. The term hate crime is meant to differentiate criminal behavior that is caused by prejudice from behavior that is motivated by greed jealously, anger, politics and like. Hate groups differ from one another in terms of membershipRead MoreThe Issue Of Hate Crimes2025 Words   |  9 Pagesfacing in the world are hate crimes. Despite this being a major issues, there appears to be no solution in sight to put a stop to hate crimes. For this paper I chose to focus on hate crimes I can gain more knowledge about this topic and because it s something that I have personally experienced. Throughout U.S. history, a significant proportion of all murders, assaults, and acts of vandalism have been fueled by hatred. As Native Americans have been described as the f irst hate crime victims, members ofRead MoreEssay on hate crimes661 Words   |  3 Pages Defining Hate Crimes Hate crimes has become an increasing problem here in the united states ranging from racial hatred to gender discrimination but what are hate crimes? According to Dr. Jack McDevitt, a criminologist at Northeastern University in Boston Hate crimes are message crimes, Hate crimes are defined as crimes that are violent act against people, property, or organizations because of the group to which they belong or identify with. The coined term â€Å"hate crimes† was first used No matterRead MoreHate Crimes Essay936 Words   |  4 Pagesare the roots of the violence/hate crimes today in our contemporary society? What can we do to reduce them? Explain. The world is full of HATE. What is this word? What makes someone HATE someone else enough to kill or harm another human being? Hate crimes are criminal actions intended to harm or intimidate people because of their race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, religion, or other minority group status. They are also referred to as bias crimes. Hate crimes have been going on in the worldRead MoreHate Crimes Laws And Hate Crime1543 Words   |  7 PagesHate Crimes What is a hate crime? Although the definition can vary based on what groups are included (Cogan, 2006, p. 174) the simplest definition would be, violence against a person or group of people based on their gender, ethnicity, sexual orientation, religion, race or disability (Burgess, Regehr, Roberts, 2013). Hate Crimes do not just effect the victim but also the community. Those who become victims of hate crime are not chosen at random, it is because of the group they identify with orRead MoreEssay on Hate Crime Analysis1420 Words   |  6 PagesHate Crime Analysis Kim Hull CJA/540 Criminological Theory October 13, 2011 Facilitator David Mailloux CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY I  certify that  the attached  paper is my original work. I am familiar with, and acknowledge my responsibilities which are part of, the University of Phoenix Student Code of Academic Integrity. I affirm that any section of the paper which has been submitted previously is attributed and cited as such, and that this paper has not been submitted by anyone else.  I haveRead MoreHate Crimes, By Nelson Mandela1393 Words   |  6 PagesHate crimes consist of actions done against individuals or groups of people as a result of prejudice attitudes. These prejudices are based on race, religion, ethnicity or sexual orientation. Some crimes even go so far as to display actions against gender or physical and mental abilities (McDevitt, J., Levin, J., Bennett, S, 2002). As Nelson Mandela stated, a hateful attitude against others must be learned (Brainz, n.d.). Hate crimes are a learned attitude of prejudice against others because ofRead MoreThe Crime Of Hate Crimes1607 Words   |  7 P agesHate crimes are very common in today’s society, they can range from various ethnicities and orientations as well as the severity of the crime committed. A hate crime is defined as â€Å"the violence of intolerance and bigotry, intended to hurt and intimidate someone because of their race, ethnicity, national origin, religious, sexual orientation, or disability. The purveyors of hate use explosives, arson, weapons, vandalism, physical violence, and verbal threats of violence to instill fear in their victimsRead MoreReligion and Hate Crimes Essay2507 Words   |  11 PagesIn 2007, according to the Federal Bureau Investigation of the Nation’s law enforcement agencies â€Å"there were 9,535 victims of hate crimes; of these victims17.1 percent were victimized because of a bias against a religious belief which totaled to be 1,628 victims of an anti-religious hate crime† (1). Almost ten thousand people were victims of hate crimes alone in 2007. That is something to be alarmed about because part of living in the U.S.A as minority is to have freedom to do and be anything you

Mexico Current Issues Drug War Free Essays

?Stefan Tian Period 2 War in the Cities Recently, Mexico has been facing a horrendous civil war. This internal conflict is coming from the country’s powerful drug leaders. This epic drug war was been taking place ever since these â€Å"cartels† relocated from the South American nation of Columbia to Mexico in the mid 1980s. We will write a custom essay sample on Mexico Current Issues: Drug War or any similar topic only for you Order Now since then , this bloody conflict has arose several issues in Mexico. Mexico’s new president, Felipe Calderon, just recently launched an all out military campaign against these drug lords in 2007. This campaign included increased military personnel stationed in locations of intense combat. These increased troops eventually ammounted to more than 25,000 troops stationed throughout Mexico(1). But still, this drug war rages on and has dramatically affected Mexico in negative ways. If not stopped, this drug war will continually drag down the Mexican economy as well as the continued corruption of the Mexican infrastructure. One of the more shocking results of this ongoing drug war is its diminishing effect on the Mexican economy. This horrendous civil war, unfortunately takes place on Mexican soil. Specifically, it takes place in the bustling urban cities that make up Mexico’s tourism and industrial trade. For example, one of the most heated spots of this drug war is at Tijuana. This is obviousley due to its close proximity to the United States. Tijuana faces constant suburban warfare between the cartels and the mexican military. This conflict in Tijuana climaxed on April 26, 2008 when a major battle took place and ended up in the deaths of 17 people(2). Because of this extreme violence , the citizens, as well as factories of Tijuana are scared to go out of their homes or begin to operate. They have reached a mere standstill. This is a huge problem because Tijuana is Mexico’s sixth largest city and its annual GDP is higher than the nation’s average by 35,000. Its GDP is the 3rd highest in the country, closely trailing Cancun and Mexico City(3). These conflicts have been immobilizing whole cities, such as Tijuana, the whole state of Michoacan, Morelia, and Tijuana. These battles have not only been a direct detriment to the economy, but they have also provided many indirect factors. Because of all the crime and violence occuring in Mexico, foreign investors are beginning to worry about their investments. They are starting withdraw some of the money that they had put into Mexico in fear of governmental collapse. According to Mexican Finance Minister, Agustin Carstens,†the deterioriating security level is reducing gross domsetic product annually by 1 percent in Latin America’s second-largest economy. †(4) This one percent decrease is from the withdrawal of investors alone, not including the immobilization of cities and slowing of production. Now, some may argue that the drug industry has been beneficial to the Mexican economy. They claim that the illegal drug trade has been a vital part of Mexico’s international trade. According to the United Nations, the annual revenue generated by the illegal drug industry is at 400 billion dollars. (6) This money is in turn introduced to the Mexican economy, giving it substantial stipulus. While, this may be true, we have to look at the fact that in the process of acquiring this money, people’s lives were held in danger. In the process of this war, over 7768 people’s lives have been lost. (5) Also, the money that the Mexican federal government put in to counteract these illegal practices is also substantial. The 400 billion dollars gained from this trade is not worth the thousands of lives sacrificed for it. The economy has been lowering in a drastically sharp manor due to this drug war. Another major consequence of this raging drug war is that it’s corrupting affect on the Mexican infrastructure. The drug cartels have infiltrated the core of the Mexican government. They have been able to corrupt the very federal police that is supposed to combat them. Their vast influence has been able to penetrate the supposed upholders of the law. The Attorney Geenral of Mexico did a scan of his federal police force and found that 1/5 of all federal officers are now put under investigation for criminal activity. Also, 1500 AFI’s are also put under criminal activity. (7) This creates a severe unresting feeling in the mexican population as to whether who they can trust. If the drug cartels had already infiltrated the system to the point that they had influences in the very law enforcement department, that is an extensive amount of corruption. The reasons for this corruption is that these cops and federal agents see the kind of money that these cartels generate in the course of a year and they flock to them. They have a considerable amount of revenue, and these cartels know that bribing these officers would help in their peration by ten-fold. The mexican government needs to be careful of their law enforcement department and purge their systems regularly in order to get rid of the corrupted officers. This Mexican drug war has become more than just a nation wide epidemic. Its influences have begun to spread farther, into the United States as well as other South American nations. Once we do settle this conflict with the cartels, a system wide purging is needed too of the government infrastructure. What would probably work better is a whole reorganization of the sytem in order to make sure that no corrupt officers hold any power. Mexico needs to keep this situation under control in order to become one of the top world powers that it currently has the potential to be. 1. http://www. iht. com/articles/ap/2006/12/11/america/LA_GEN_Mexico_Drug_Violence. php 2. http://www. reuters. com/article/newsOne/idUSN2639514820080427 3. http://www. inegi. gob. mx/lib/buscador/busqueda. aspx? s=esttextoBus=tijuanae=seccionBus=bieb 4. http://www. bloomberg. com/apps/news? pid=20601087sid=akDCw. fUKYOcrefer=home 5. http://www. eluniversal. com. mx/notas/560074. html 6. http://www. dpft. org/hernandez/ 7. ttp://ftp. fas. org/sgp/crs/row/RL34215. pdf Annotated Bibliography Cook,Colleen â€Å"Mexico’s Drug Cartels† CRS Report for Congress 2007, Oct 17. http://ftp. fas. org/sgp/crs/row/RL34215. pdf Epstein, Jerry â€Å"Esquiel Hernandez Killing† Drug Policy Forum 1998, March 15 http://www. dpft. org/hernandez/ Unknown â€Å"Ejecuciones rompen record: van cinco mil† El Universal 2008, December. http://www . eluniversal. com. mx/notas/560074. html Gould, Jens â€Å"Mexico’s Drug War turns into Terrorism† Bloomberg 2008, Oct 20 http://www. bloomberg. com/apps/news? pid=20601087sid=akDCw. UKYOcrefe r=home Unknown â€Å"Banco de Informacion Economica† Instituto Nacional de Estadisticas y Geografia 2005, Jun 4 http://www. inegi. gob. mx/lib/buscador/busqueda. aspx? s=esttextoBus=tijuanae=seccionBus=bieb Diaz Lizbeth â€Å"Seventeen Killed in Mexico’s Drug War† Reuters 2008, Apr 26 http://www. reuters. com/article/newsOne/idUSN2639514820080427 Unknown â€Å"Mexican Government sends 6500 troops to state scarred by violence,drugs, and beheadings. † Herald Tribune 2006, Dec 11 http://www. iht. com/articles/ap/2006/12/11/america/LA_GEN_Mexico_Drug_Violence. php How to cite Mexico Current Issues: Drug War, Papers

Analyzing Industries and Competitors - Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Analyzing Industries and Competitors. Answer: Introduction There is an increased demand for renewable energy and with an increased global population, the demand is expected to double or triple over the next few decades (Nanda et al., 2013). This presents a big business opportunity for the companies that produce energy. The Statistical Review of World Energy, 2012 highlighted that of all energy requirements, renewable energy contributed only to 8% of the energy produced, the rest coming from other non renewable sources like coal, natural gas and oil (Nanda et al., 2013). Apart from increased demand for energy, fossil fuels as an energy source cause damage to the environment through green house gases emissions thus leading to governments promoting use of alternative energy sources that do not contribute to emissions in the environment especially in the US and Europe. Non renewable energy is also limited in supply and the prices have been on the rise. Companies therefore need to be innovative in renewable energy production and supply in order t o enjoy the benefits. Origin Energy manufactures renewable energy from wind and solar and stores it then sells it as electricity. This paper will discuss innovation and entrepreneurship for Origin Energy. Innovation and Entrepreneurship for Renewable Energy According to Porter (1990), firms are competitive only through continuous innovation. For Origin Energy to survive and thrive in this industry it must be innovative and come up with new and unique products for customers. Innovation relates to new products but also to new ways of manufacturing, distribution and marketing of products. All competitors in the energy industry have an equal advantage for resources and innovation and thus competition is stiff. With ground breaking innovations and the ability to deliver first world products, solar companies have been successful in making the industry very competitive. Companies have to invest a lot in RD to ensure rapid innovations and remain the leaders in the industry (Kenney and Pon, 2011). Innovation in the energy sector will not only add the much required source of energy in the world, but it will also lead to better and efficient ways of production and distribution, and thus more benefits to both the company in terms of profits and to the consumers. Only through innovation will energy companies manage to compete with others in the industry and also change the energy focus from the non renewable sources and save the environment while saving on cost (Stern, 2005). Rosenberg, 1994, proposes that in order to make radical technological changes, the companies have to continue conducting economic experiments, in order to identify which innovations work best in this industry. Entrepreneurship directs whether a company will be successful or will exit the market. The companies that exist have to be innovative and come up with new customer solutions in order to compete. Buchholz and Rosenthal (2005) identify some qualities for entrepreneurship which include imagination, creativity, novelty. New businesses emerge from cutting edge innovation and technology leads to a paradigm shift leaving behind companies that do not invest in new and emerging technologies. Entrepreneurship is not limited to new ventures but to all companies that hope to remain competitive. It involves generation of new resource combination to extend the organizations competence (Burgelman, 1984). Drucker (1985) argued that innovation is a factor of entrepreneurship and they both demand us of creativity. A business that has entrepreneurship is concerned about developing new products, new processes or new markets. This company adapts to a changing business environment, challenges the status quo and considers other alternative approaches to doing things. Innovation uses new ideas to create value for customers. A company that does not innovate becomes obsolete. Companies worldwide are facing challenges arising from competition, high costs, new technologies, automation, among others. They must therefore become highly innovative with new products in order to survive. Some innovations in the renewable energy are helping to revolutionize the world and Origin Energy can continue to enhance these innovations to remain competitive in the industry. The innovations include development of new products and also in the way f distribution of the renewable energy. The innovations also include the way consumers pay for the products including use of mobile commerce, sharing payments and others. These innovations will keep the businesses on a growth path while those that are left behind will not survive. Below are some of the innovations in the energy industry that are having big impact in the world. The solar dishes are being used to increase the conversion of the suns energy in to electricity thus contributing to worlds manufacture of clean energy. The use of solar powered batteries is another innovation in the renewable energy industry that can also allow electricity to be shared with neighbors making it cost effective to the consumers. Portable solar also enables access to consumers of energy source that is mobile. This is very helpful for example in disaster situations when infrastructure has been destroyed like in an earthquake situation. Solar energy can also be used for desalination of water, thus using the suns ultra violet rays water which was not fit for consumption is purified and a solar powered machine used to remove excessive salt from the water. Solar transportation is another innovation where solar roads can generate extra energy. The Solar Impulse 2was the worlds first solar plane which can sustain travel at night using only solar energy (Chow, 2015). There are also solar windows which have been invented allowing for production of electricity. These windows have ability to convert the suns rays in to energy. Solar balloons are used to harvest solar energy from directing solar energy on to solar cells. Using nano-technology, light absorbing nano-wires absorb the suns energy better than silicon and thus it becomes more efficient. Residential houses use the inverter which transforms DC power from solar panels in to AC power which is used in the residential houses. With Microinverters, a residential house can use just one panel to generate solar power. Theories and Models of Industry Analysis There are several theories and models that can be used to analyze the renewable energy industry to enable the company develop strategies for success. These include PESTEL Analysis and Porters five forces model among others. The analysis assists the company to understand its internal environment and the environment it is operating in order to formulate ways in which to overcome any challenges that may exist and also exploit the opportunities that exist for success. PESTEL analysis involves analysis of the external environment that the company or industry operates in. The PESTEL factors include Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental and Legal factors (Yksel, 2012, p 52). The influence of the PESTEL factors implies that an organization has to take competitive actions and strategic choices to be successful (Howard, 2007). The diagram below represents the PESTEL factors. Political factors include government involvement in the industry, which affects the way business operates. The prices of non renewable energy including oil and gas have been on the increase and they are inadequate to meet the global demands. Most governments are therefore supporting a change to the renewable sources of energy. This presents a big opportunity for Origin energy in this industry. Governments are putting in place legislation to encourage use of renewable energy and reduce use of non renewable energy due to the negative effects it has on the environment. An example is The Climate Change Act 2008 in the UK which aims at reducing greenhouse gases emissions. It is also a key strategic initiative by the European Union to reduce the carbon emissions by adoption of low carbon emission energy sources (Arantegui, et al., 2011). Economic factors are those that affect peoples purchasing power, the currency exchange rates, interest rates and others that affect the way an organization conducts business. Renewable energy is cheaper than the traditional sources of energy and thus will be affordable to majority of the population. Companies make savings on energy costs by adopting either solar or wind energy. This offers an advantage to Origin Energy. Social factors are those shared beliefs in a community. Renewable energy may have some social consequences. These may arise due to the fact that the developments may take place in vast pieces of land which may displace people from their land. It may also affect the natural biodiversity. The company must be involved in social responsibility activities in order to show that it cares for the people and avoid negative publicity. Origin energy can also get involved in teaching people on the benefits of renewable energy as compared with non renewable energy in terms of prot ecting the environment to get their buy in. Technological factors include innovations in products, systems or other ways of doing business. The energy industry has seen a number of technological advancements that have impact in the world. Innovation makes a company cost effective thus passing the benefit of cost to the consumers. Success from innovation in a business results from new ideas that result in social and organizational benefit (Okpara, 2007). Origin Energy has to keep innovating in order to effectively compete in this industry. Origin energy should utilize the highly trained personnel who can continuously come up with innovative products that benefit the customers. There is current push by consumers worldwide for organizations to conduct businesses in ways that protect the environment. Renewable energy sources are seen as one way of protecting the environment and the scarce natural resources and are sustainable. The company needs to conduct environmental assessments by its projects to ensure there are no negative effects to the environment. Porter (1998) identified five forces for businesses to analyze the operating environment which are: Competition rivalry, Power of suppliers, Power of customers, Threat of substitutes and Potential of new entrants into the industry. This model assists to analyze the environment and develop strategies for competitive advantage. The business takes advantage of its strength and develops strategies for success as the collective strength of these forces determines if the business will make profits (Michael, 2014). Porters Five Forces Model Origin Energy faces stiff competition in this industry and rivalry among the competitors continues to increase. The major global players have invested a lot capital and have the manpower to continue with innovative ideas which increase the competition. Origin energy must also continue to invest in research and development in order to compete in this industry. Due to the increased support by governments of the renewable energy industry, this leads to a high threat of new entrants in to the industry. The huge start up costs are however an impediment for companies that may want to easily get on to the industry. Power of suppliers is high due to the specialized requirements of the industry leading to fewer suppliers. The buyer power is also high as the new technology has not been fully embraced by the people. The company will have to keep educating people on the advantage of using solar and wind energy in order to win many customers. Substitutes exist in the form of the traditional sources of energy. The focus on renewable sources of energy will continue to win many customers in the future leading to increased markets. Conclusion Origin Energy Company is operating in the renewable energy industry. The company has to be innovative and entrepreneurial in order to succeed in the highly competitive and technologically advancing industry. It is important to understand the environment using the available models and theories that include PESTEL and Porters five forces model. From the analysis, the industry is growing and has support from the governments due to the fact that it dies not harm the environment like the traditional energy sources. The rising prices of oil and gas energy sources give the renewable energy chance for a bright business future. This paper has discussed innovation and entrepreneurship in the renewable energy industry and concludes that Origin Energy has to invest highly in research and development to become innovative and entrepreneurial in order to remain competitive in this industry. References Arantegui, et al., (2011). Renewable Energy: Highlights on Technological Developments Beyond 2020. Research Gate. Retrieved May 8, 2017 from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/276173647_Renewable_energy_Highlights_on_technological_developments_beyond_2020. Buchholz, R. Rosenthal, S. (2005). The Spirit of Entrepreneurship and the Qualities of Moral Decision Making. Journal of Business Ethics, 60, 307-315. Chow, L. (2015). Solar Innovations that are Revolutionizing the World. EcoWatch. Retrieved May 8, 2017 from: https://www.ecowatch.com/5-solar-innovations-that-are-revolutionizing-the-world-1882043841.html Climate Change Act, 2008. Retrieved May 8, 2007 from: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2008/27/contents Drucker P. (1985). Innovation and Entrepreneurship. London: Pan Books Ltd. Howard, T. (2007). An analysis of the Environment and Competitive Dynamics of Management Education.Journal of Management Development, Vol. 26 Issue: 1, pp.9-21. Kenney, M. Pon, B. (2011). Structuring the Smartphone Industry. The Research Institute of the Finnish Company. Michael, E. (2014). Guidelines for applying Porter's Five Forces Framework: A Set of Industry Analysis Templates.Competitiveness Review, Vol. 24 Issue: 1, pp.32-45. Nanda, R., Younge, K. Fleming, L. (2013). Innovation and Entrepreneurship in Renewable Energy. Fung Technical Report No. 2013.07.18. Buckley College of Engineering. Retrieved May 8, 2017 from: https://funginstitute.berkeley.edu/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/Renewable_Energy_0.pdf Okpara, F. (2007). The Value of Creativity and Innovation in Entrepreneurship. Asia Entrepreneurship Journal. Porter, M. (1990). The Competitive Advantage of Nations. Harvard Business Review 68, no. 2. Porter, M. (1998). Competitive Strategy: Techniques for Analyzing Industries and competitors. New York: The Free Press. Rosenberg, N. (1994). Economic Experiments. In Inside the Black Box. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Stern, S. (2005). Economic Experiments: The role of Entrepreneurship in Economic Prosperity. In: Understanding Entrepreneurship: A Research and Policy Report. Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation. Yksel, I. (2012). Developing a Multi-Criteria Decision Making Model for PESTEL Analysis. International Journal of Business and Management, Vol. 7, No. 24, 52.